Summarry scent of apples Essay Example for Free

Summarry scent of apples Essay Job Method With Job production, the complete task is handled by a single worker or group of workers. Jobs can be small-scale/low technology as well as complex/high technology. Low technology jobs: here the organization of production is extremely simply, with the required skills and equipment easily obtainable. This method enables customers specific requirements to be included, often as the job progresses. Examples include: hairdressers; tailoring High technology jobs: high technology jobs involve much greater complexity and therefore present greater management challenge. The important ingredient in high-technology job production isproject management, or project control. The essential features of good project control for a job are: Clear definitions of objectives- how should the job progress (milestones, dates, stages) Decision-making process how are decisions taking about the needs of each process in the job, labour and other resources Examples of high technology / complex jobs: film production; large construction projects (e.g. the Millennium Dome) Batch Method As businesses grow and production volumes increase, it is not unusual to see the production process organised so that Batch methods can be used. Batch methods require that the work for any task is divided into parts or operations. Each operation is completed through the whole batch before the next operation is performed. By using the batch method, it is possible to achieve specialisation of labour. Capital expenditure can also be kept lower although careful planning is required to ensure that production equipment is not idle. The main aims of the batch method are, therefore, to: Concentrate skills (specialisation) Achieve high equipment utilisation This technique is probably the most commonly used method for organising manufacture. A good example is the production of electronic instruments. Batch methods are not without their problems. There is a high probability of poor work flow, particularly if the batches are not of the optimal size or if there is a significant difference in productivity by each operation in the process. Batch methods often result in the build up of significant work in progress or stocks (i.e. completed batches waiting for their turn to be  worked on in the next operation). Flow Methods Flow methods are similar to batch methods except that the problem of rest/idle production/batch queuing is eliminated. Flow has been defined as a method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive, The aims of flow methods are: -Improved work material flow -Reduced need for labour skills Added value / completed work faster Flow methods mean that as work on a task at a particular stage is complete, it must be passed directly to the next stage for processing without waiting for the remaining tasks in the batch. When it arrives at the next stage, work must start immediately on the next process. In order for the flow to be smooth, the times that each task requires on each stage must be of equal length and there should be no movement off the flow production line. In theory, therefore, any fault or error at a particular stage In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met: (1) There must be substantially constant demand If demand is unpredictable or irregular, then the flow production line can lead to a substantial build up of stocks and possibility storage difficulties. Many businesses using flow methods get round this problem by building for stock i.e. keeping the flow line working during quiet periods of demand so that output can be produced efficiently. (2) The product and/or production tasks must be standardised Flow methods are inflexible they cannot deal effectively with variations in the product (although some variety can be accomplished through applying different finishes, decorations etc at the end of the production line). (3) Materials used in production must be to specification and delivered on time Since the flow production line is working continuously, it is not a good idea to use materials that vary in style, form or quality. Similarly, if the required materials are not available, then the whole production line will come to a close with potentially serious cost consequences. (4) Each operation in  the production flow must be carefully defined and recorded in detail (5) The output from each stage of the flow must conform to quality standards Since the output from each stage moves forward continuously, there is no room for sub-standard output to be re-worked (compare this with job or batch production where it is possible to compensate for a lack of quality by doing some extra work on the job or the batch before it is completed). The achievement of a successful production flow line requires considerable planning, particularly in ensuring that the correct production materials are delivered on time and that operations in the flow are of equal duration.

Human Cloning :: miscellaneous

Human Cloning Science fiction authors have for many years instilled in us the fantastic idea of great armies of cloned men and women, fighting mindless battles for the betterment of human kind. Perfect beings created under the microscope of fantasy to accelerate the evolutionary process, a brave new world, of disease free and identical people. But is there truly an application for human cloning in our 21st century society? Some scientists argue that one could use the cloning process to grow a twin sister for a dying child to allow for an organ donor, a perfect match. A noble idea, if one values a human life as highly as cattle headed for a slaughter house. And what of the dangers involved? A few years ago the world’s eyes turned to the scientific presses, hot with the new discovery that cloning was possible. Dolly the sheep was born, the first successful case of cloning the scientific world had seen. But what we didn’t see is that there were 276 failures before the successful case was achieved. Are we willing to gamble 276 human lives for the research of a non – applicable science? The thought of a perfect being is intriguing. The model child with the blue eyes you never had and the perfectly straight – without having spent three hours in a salon – blond hair that everyone thinks you have. It seems a popular notion that once one genetic modification has been achieved, others will follow. And even if the technology for a bouncing blue eyed catalogue selection is only a gleam in the scientific eye, the possibility of having a three year old Britney Spears is conceivable. The excitement of this sentiment unfortunately masks the reality of it, in that creating a homogeneous race poses a real threat to freedom, the very essence of humanity. At this stage in the development of the cloning process, each cloned Being is viewed as a subject. Dolly was a media spectacle, a lost lamb under the millions of gawking eyes. If a human is cloned, it is highly unlikely that he or she will not be swept up into a similar fate. And under the eyes of the media, not to mention the person who funded the â€Å"subject†, that child will be forced to grow up under a rock of obligatory expectations. Every action and emotion could indeed be shaped and cultivated to suit the perceptions of an idealised person.

How does the change in temperature affect the rate of reaction? Essay

* Guiding Question: How does the change in temperature affect the rate of reaction? * Objectives: The objective of this experiment is to see how temperature affects reaction rates. * Hypothesis: We think that temperature increases the rate of reaction because the increase in temperature increases the energy of the particles and therefore overcomes faster the activation energy. * Variables: 1. Independent: Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) 2. Dependents: Time (s) and rate of reaction (s -1) 3. Control: Volume (ml) and concentration (M) of HCl and Na2S2O3. * Procedure: a) Transfer 50 ml 0.0400 M sodium thiosulfate solution into a 50 ml flask. b) With a marker make a black cross in a paper and put it below the flask. c) At room temperature quickly pour 5ml HCl of a 2M solution d) Measure the time needed for the black cross to disappeared. e) Repeat this procedure and then place the flask in a hot plate using a thermometer and vary the temperature to 30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 40 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, 50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and 60 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. f) Repeat the experiment twice for each temperature and find the average. * Materials: i. 2 measuring cylinder (50 ml) ii. Thermometer 10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C – 110 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C iii. Chronometer iv. 2 flasks (250 mL) v. 60 ml of a 2M solution of HCl vi. 600 ml of a 0.04 M solution of Na2S2O3 * Observation: Sodium Thiosulfate ions (0.04 M) with different temperatures à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C mL HCL (2M) * Conclusion: Looking at the graph and table, we can see that as the temperature increase, then the rate of reaction increases too. This can be defined and explain by the collision model. Particles can only react when they collide. If the substance is heat, then the particles move faster because they would started to bounce around the space faster because they have receive more energy. So they would bounce around more therefore they are more likely to collide. Some problems during the experiment were that we just have one hot plate so we loose time waiting for the other team to finish with their results. It was complicated because we couldn’t have enough space to record everything that was happening because there were two groups per table. A solution to this problem is that for that specific part when we need the hot plates, we can share the data obtained in the whole table members. So we can continued the experiment at a faster rate so we can start doing more researches for the conclusion. And in this way the observations would have been more accuracy for both groups.

Standpoint Theory Paper - 1075 Words

Standpoint Theory Paper Racism is defined as the systematic subordination of certain racial groups by those groups in power . As a society, we must first eradicate ignorance in order to defeat racism. We must acknowledge that people have different ways of viewing the world and that even though someone may have a different opinion than you, it is not necessarily wrong. The idea that people have different ways of viewing the world stems from standpoint theory. Standpoint theory is based on the concept that people view the world differently depending on their social standing . A central theme of standpoint theory is that a person’s racial and or ethnic background deeply impacts how they view and interact with the world . Racial†¦show more content†¦I was a very inquisitive child and would often ask my parents about why people were different. They always took the time to explain different cultures to me. My parents have always taught me to be cautious when I interact with people of Caucasian d issent. They have never expressed any racism towards people of the Caucasian race but have always reminded me to â€Å"be on my guard† and that not everyone I meet has good intentions. I have noticed that this â€Å"cautiousness† has been a recurring theme in the Nigerian community that I am a part of. This message has been relayed to me by aunts, uncles and even my Nigerian friends. The idea that I should have to be â€Å"cautious† around specific races has always bothered me. I know that this mistrust of the Caucasian races isn’t completely unfounded. History has shown us that given the opportunity, some people will try and suppress you. I am of the mind that not everyone is out to suppress me and bring me down. My parents will often tell me that I ignore the racism that is rampant in this country. I understand that racism exists and that there are people who will go out of their way to be prejudiced and racist but I don’t believe that we should always be looking for racism everywhere we go. Many instances of racism occur because people are ignorant of other cultures and allow their prejudices to blind them. Living in Ann Arbor means that I interact with people of different races and cultures on a daily basis.Show MoreRelatedGender Theory And Standpoint Theory1719 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Theory and Standpoint Theory Kean University Spring 2015 Anastasia Mendola Society should be socially acceptable to all members of it no matter where they works, how much money they have, or don’t have, the color of their skin, there sexual orientation, where the geographically live, etc. when it comes to topic of this nature, most people are very hesitant and don’t want to talk about it. 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